在內窺鏡精密的 “身體” 里，光纖如同傳遞視覺信號的 “生命線”，一旦受損，就會影響檢查和手術的精準度。而內窺鏡光纖的維修，堪稱一場與微觀世界對話的 “精密手術”，需要深入了解其技術原理與修復要點，才能讓這條 “生命線” 重煥生機。

　　In the precise "body" of the endoscope, the optical fiber is like a "lifeline" that transmits visual signals. Once damaged, it will affect the accuracy of inspection and surgery. The maintenance of endoscopic optical fibers can be regarded as a "precision surgery" that engages in dialogue with the microscopic world. It requires a deep understanding of its technical principles and repair points in order to revitalize this "lifeline".

　　想要修復光纖，得先搞懂它的構造與工作原理。內窺鏡中的光纖通常由纖芯、包層和涂覆層組成。纖芯是傳輸光信號的核心，包層的折射率低于纖芯，能通過全反射將光線牢牢 “鎖” 在纖芯內傳輸，涂覆層則起到保護光纖、增強柔韌性的作用。當內窺鏡工作時，外部光源發出的光線經光纖傳入體內，照亮檢查部位，反射回來的光線再通過另一組光纖傳遞到成像系統，讓醫生能清晰觀察體內情況。但在實際使用中，光纖可能因彎折過度、碰撞等原因受損，導致圖像模糊、亮度下降甚至完全黑屏，這時就需要專業的維修技術介入。

　　To repair optical fibers, one must first understand their structure and working principles. The optical fiber in an endoscope is usually composed of a core, a cladding, and a coating layer. The fiber core is the core for transmitting optical signals, and the refractive index of the cladding is lower than that of the fiber core. It can firmly "lock" the light inside the fiber core for transmission through total reflection, while the coating layer plays a role in protecting the optical fiber and enhancing its flexibility. When the endoscope is working, the light emitted by the external light source is transmitted into the body through optical fibers, illuminating the examination site. The reflected light is then transmitted to the imaging system through another set of optical fibers, allowing doctors to observe the internal situation clearly. However, in practical use, optical fibers may be damaged due to excessive bending, collisions, and other reasons, resulting in blurry images, decreased brightness, or even complete black screens. In this case, professional repair techniques are needed to intervene.

　　光纖斷裂是常見故障，熔接技術是解決這一問題的關鍵。維修時，首先要精準定位斷裂點，可借助顯微鏡或專用檢測設備，找到受損位置后，將斷裂的光纖兩端切割平整，確保斷面光滑、垂直，這一步直接影響熔接效果。接著，使用光纖熔接機，通過高壓放電產生高溫，使光纖兩端的玻璃材質熔化并融合在一起。熔接過程中，要嚴格控制放電強度和時間，強度過大或時間過長，會導致光纖變形、損耗增加；強度不足或時間過短，則無法完全熔合。熔接完成后，還需對熔接點進行加固處理，通常會套上熱縮管，加熱收縮后緊密包裹熔接點，增強其機械強度，防止再次斷裂。

　　Fiber optic fracture is a common fault, and fusion splicing technology is the key to solving this problem. When repairing, the first step is to accurately locate the fracture point, which can be done with the help of a microscope or specialized testing equipment. After finding the damaged location, the two ends of the broken optical fiber should be cut flat to ensure a smooth and vertical cross-section. This step directly affects the welding effect. Next, using a fiber fusion splicer, high temperature is generated through high-voltage discharge to melt and fuse the glass materials at both ends of the fiber together. During the welding process, it is necessary to strictly control the discharge intensity and time. If the intensity is too high or the time is too long, it will cause deformation and increased loss of the optical fiber; If the strength is insufficient or the time is too short, complete fusion cannot be achieved. After the welding is completed, it is necessary to reinforce the welding point, usually by covering it with a heat shrink tube. After heating and shrinking, it tightly wraps around the welding point to enhance its mechanical strength and prevent it from breaking again.

　　光纖損耗過大也是影響內窺鏡性能的重要問題，這可能由光纖老化、污染或連接不良等原因導致。對于因污染造成的損耗，維修人員需使用專用的清潔工具和試劑，如無塵布、光纖清潔液，小心擦拭光纖端面，去除灰塵、油污等雜質，確保光信號能順利通過。若是連接不良，就要檢查光纖連接器，查看是否存在松動、氧化等情況。若連接器松動，需重新插拔并固定；若發生氧化，可用專用砂紙輕輕打磨，去除氧化層后再進行連接。對于老化嚴重的光纖，往往需要整體更換，以恢復內窺鏡的正常工作性能。

　　Excessive fiber loss is also an important issue affecting the performance of endoscopes, which may be caused by fiber aging, contamination, or poor connections. For losses caused by pollution, maintenance personnel need to use specialized cleaning tools and reagents, such as dust-free cloths and fiber cleaning solutions, carefully wipe the fiber end face, remove dust, oil stains and other impurities, and ensure that the optical signal can pass smoothly. If the connection is poor, it is necessary to check the fiber optic connector for looseness, oxidation, and other conditions. If the connector is loose, it needs to be re plugged and fixed; If oxidation occurs, use specialized sandpaper to gently polish and remove the oxide layer before connecting. For severely aged optical fibers, it is often necessary to replace them as a whole to restore the normal working performance of the endoscope.

　　在維修過程中，還有一些細節不容忽視。比如，光纖十分脆弱，操作時必須輕拿輕放，避免過度彎折或拉扯；每次維修前后，都要用專業設備對光纖的性能進行檢測，包括光功率、衰減值等指標，確保維修效果達標。此外，隨著技術發展，一些新型內窺鏡采用了更復雜的光纖束結構，維修難度也相應增加，這就要求維修人員不斷學習新技術、掌握新工具，提升維修水平。

　　During the repair process, there are still some details that cannot be ignored. For example, optical fibers are very fragile and must be handled with care to avoid excessive bending or pulling; Before and after each maintenance, professional equipment should be used to test the performance of the optical fiber, including optical power, attenuation value, and other indicators, to ensure that the maintenance effect meets the standard. In addition, with the development of technology, some new endoscopes have adopted more complex fiber optic bundle structures, and the difficulty of maintenance has correspondingly increased. This requires maintenance personnel to continuously learn new technologies, master new tools, and improve their maintenance level.

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